There are several types of Bio Fuels:
# Bio Diesel
# Methanol
# Bio Ethanol
# Hydrogen
Bio Diesel
Bio Diesel is a diesel oil of esters which offers some great benefits compared to petrol diesel. First of all, there is a low emission of CO2. Second, it can be produced locally from local feedstock. Biodiesel can be made from several kinds of feedstock, including
# Rapeseed
# Sunflower
# Corn (Maize)
# Palm Oil
# Soya Beans Oil
# Using frying or cooking oil
# Animal fat
# Jatropha
Many other kinds of vegetable oil can be made, for example using peanut and coconut.
With bio diesel, there is however some disadvantages, one has to consider:
# slightly higher emission of NOx compared to petrol diesel
# problems arises at low temperatures
# Also, bacteria/algae may grow in the fuel tank
Before it can be used in diesel engines, the glycerol needs to be separated. Made from vegetable oil, animal fat and used cooking oil, the process is transesterification between triacylglicerols (fat) and methanol using a catalyst like NaOH. This yields ethylester. A bi-product is 30 % Glycerol. [2]
In vegetable oil, 3 fatty acid chains are attached to one molecule of glycerin. [1]
For producers in Europe, there is a standard one should consider: European EN 14214. This standard outlines the requirements for the biodiesel.
Production of biodiesel in USA is steadily on the increase, however, not to the same extent as in Europe. When it comes to producing biodiesel, countries in the EU has taken a leading role, in particular Germany followed by Frances and Italy. Austria has been a pioneer in the field of biodiesel, and even the Czech Republic has considerable production facilities. Though biodiesel is not allowed to use in Denmark unless tax registered, Denmark has fairly large production facilities.
Bio diesel normally is blended with petrol diesel, for example B5 which has 5 % bio diesel, B20 which has 20 % bio diesel or B100 which is pure bio diesel.
Bio Ethanol
While Bio diesel can replace petrol diesel, Bio Ethanol can replace gasoline. In Ireland, Bio Ethanol have of course been produced in many years, however, never intended to the same extent as now. Hopefully Bio Ethanol will become a serious competitor to gasoline.
And even though the process of producing Bio ethanol is an energy demanding process, the outcome still is an important contribution on the final Carbon dioxide emission balance.
Under the brand name E85, Maxol has started selling Bio Ethanol from a number of fuel pumps in cities around Ireland.
Irish Government Excise Relief
In August 2005 the Irish Government granted excise relief to 8 companies each of whom produce either bio diesel, bio ethanol or pure vegetable oil. [3]
Greyhound Recycling & Recovery in Co. Meath produce biodiesel. Some of the biodiesel is used by Dublin Bus in their tour buses in a pilot project launched May 2006.
Biogreen in Adamstown, Co. Wexford have been producing bio fuel for years.
Eilish Oils, Newtownmountkennedy, Co. Wicklow, produces Pure Plant Oil (PPO) – also known as SVO (Straight Vegetable Oil). Eilish Oils offers workshop to helps private consumers how to upgrade their diesel engine to run PPO. Like Biogreen, Eilish Oils have many years of experience in the field of bio fuel.
Kilkenny Cereals runs a project with local farmers to produce PPO from rapeseed. The project involves 12 light transit vehicles and a 100 trucks.
Donegal Farm Relief Services also has a project on PPO made from rapeseed. The bio fuel will be sold locally.
Cocono Philips will be refining and selling a biomass based synthetic diesel at its Whitegate Refinery.
Maxol will conduct tests on some Ford Focus vehicles running ethanol derived from milk. This project has a particular interest in that up to 50 ethanol filling stations are expected to be set up. According to Maxol's website, there are around 10 to 15 fuelling stations in cities around Ireland
Finally, Eco Ola in Galway will be producing biodiesel from recovered vegetable oil. [3]
References
[1] Biodiesel by Greg Pahl, Chelsea Green Publ. Co., Vermont, USA 2005
[2] www.ucd.ie/chem/paradisi/index.html, accessed on 1 Aug 2006
[3] http://www.dcmnr.gov.ie/Press+Releases accessed on 15 Aug 2006
Source :http://www.asun.dk/biofuels.htm
While Bio diesel can replace petrol diesel, Bio Ethanol can replace gasoline. In Ireland, Bio Ethanol have of course been produced in many years, however, never intended to the same extent as now. Hopefully Bio Ethanol will become a serious competitor to gasoline.
And even though the process of producing Bio ethanol is an energy demanding process, the outcome still is an important contribution on the final Carbon dioxide emission balance.
Under the brand name E85, Maxol has started selling Bio Ethanol from a number of fuel pumps in cities around Ireland.
Irish Government Excise Relief
In August 2005 the Irish Government granted excise relief to 8 companies each of whom produce either bio diesel, bio ethanol or pure vegetable oil. [3]
Greyhound Recycling & Recovery in Co. Meath produce biodiesel. Some of the biodiesel is used by Dublin Bus in their tour buses in a pilot project launched May 2006.
Biogreen in Adamstown, Co. Wexford have been producing bio fuel for years.
Eilish Oils, Newtownmountkennedy, Co. Wicklow, produces Pure Plant Oil (PPO) – also known as SVO (Straight Vegetable Oil). Eilish Oils offers workshop to helps private consumers how to upgrade their diesel engine to run PPO. Like Biogreen, Eilish Oils have many years of experience in the field of bio fuel.
Kilkenny Cereals runs a project with local farmers to produce PPO from rapeseed. The project involves 12 light transit vehicles and a 100 trucks.
Donegal Farm Relief Services also has a project on PPO made from rapeseed. The bio fuel will be sold locally.
Cocono Philips will be refining and selling a biomass based synthetic diesel at its Whitegate Refinery.
Maxol will conduct tests on some Ford Focus vehicles running ethanol derived from milk. This project has a particular interest in that up to 50 ethanol filling stations are expected to be set up. According to Maxol's website, there are around 10 to 15 fuelling stations in cities around Ireland
Finally, Eco Ola in Galway will be producing biodiesel from recovered vegetable oil. [3]
References
[1] Biodiesel by Greg Pahl, Chelsea Green Publ. Co., Vermont, USA 2005
[2] www.ucd.ie/chem/paradisi/index.html, accessed on 1 Aug 2006
[3] http://www.dcmnr.gov.ie/Press+Releases accessed on 15 Aug 2006
Source :http://www.asun.dk/biofuels.htm
